* Rescaled indices of economic, social and cultural status (ESCS) for use with the PISA 2012, 2015 and 2018 datasets, available in CSV only.
A small smile crosses her face. Because in the Indian family lifestyle, happiness isn't a destination. It is the pressure cooker whistle at dawn. It is the shared fight over the last piece of pickle. It is the beautiful, exhausting, unending story of we instead of me .
Responsibilities like cooking, cleaning, and caring for children or the elderly are shared among members, reducing individual burnout.
Note: This report is based on common ethnographic observations across urban, semi-urban, and rural Indian settings as of 2025. Specific practices vary by region, religion, caste, and class.
* see PISA2018 Technical Report Annex K for details.
** Rescaled indices of economic, social and cultural status (ESCS) for use with the PISA 2000, 2003, 2006, 2009 and 2012 datasets desibhabhimmsnew download3gp
For PISA 2012, Data are available in TXT format. SAS and SPSS Control Files are available to recreate the dataset in selected format.
For PISA 2009, Data are available in TXT format. SAS and SPSS Control Files are available to recreate the dataset in selected format.
For PISA 2009 ERA, Data are available in TXT format. SAS and SPSS Control Files are available to recreate the dataset in selected format.
Navigation Indices file (SPSS format only)
For PISA 2006, Data are available in TXT format. SAS and SPSS Control Files are available to recreate the dataset in selected format.
Data file with abilities on the Computer-Based Assessment of Science (CBAS) for students from three countries
For PISA 2003, Data are available in TXT format. SAS and SPSS Control Files are available to recreate the dataset in selected format.
A small smile crosses her face. Because in the Indian family lifestyle, happiness isn't a destination. It is the pressure cooker whistle at dawn. It is the shared fight over the last piece of pickle. It is the beautiful, exhausting, unending story of we instead of me .
Responsibilities like cooking, cleaning, and caring for children or the elderly are shared among members, reducing individual burnout.
Note: This report is based on common ethnographic observations across urban, semi-urban, and rural Indian settings as of 2025. Specific practices vary by region, religion, caste, and class.