USP <51> (“Antimicrobial Effectiveness Testing”) is static, uses specific organisms, and has defined pass/fail criteria for pharmaceutical products. ASTM E2109-01 is , more flexible in organism selection, and does not prescribe pass/fail levels. Choose USP <51> for sterile or ophthalmic drugs; choose ASTM E2109-01 for cosmetic emulsions and rinse-off products.
Proper preparation is the most vital step to avoid "pull-outs" (where coating material is accidentally removed during polishing, appearing as false porosity). astm e2109-01 pdf
The percentage of the total cross-sectional area occupied by pores or voids. (“Antimicrobial Effectiveness Testing”) is static
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