Up‑cycling—transforming waste material into a product of higher value—has emerged as a pragmatic pathway toward circularity (Fletcher, 2020). However, most up‑cycled interventions remain , focusing on visual novelty rather than systemic change. Scholars such as Bocken & Short (2022) argue that effective up‑cycling must embed narrative agency , enabling users to recognize and co‑author the life cycle of a product.
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