: Proved by primary (original) or secondary (copies) evidence under specific conditions. 4. Burden of Proof (بارِ ثبوت) Article 117 : The person who asserts a fact must prove it.
Although the official text of the Qanoon-e-Shahadat is in English (the language of superior courts in Pakistan), the vast majority of litigants, police officers, magistrates, and even district judiciary staff are more comfortable reading Urdu. Here is why the Urdu PDF version is indispensable: qanoon e shahadat in urdu pdf
The is the primary law governing evidence in Pakistan, replacing the Evidence Act of 1872 to align legal proceedings with Islamic principles. Core Structure of QSO 1984 : Proved by primary (original) or secondary (copies)
– Defines which party is responsible for proving a particular fact. the vast majority of litigants